Renal System
The gradient in osmotic concentration of the interstitial fluid in the medulla of the kidney is caused by:
Blood flowing through the vasa recta.
Na+ and Cl- pumped out of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and urea.
Na+ and Cl- pumped out of the descending limb of the loop of Henle and urea.
Water diffusing out of the descending limb of the loop of Henle and aldosterone.
Na+ and Cl- pumped out of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and urea.
Sodium and chloride leave from the ascending limb not the descending limb.
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The kidney turns blood into filtrate and then filtrate into urine. Which list has the structures in the correct order of liquid flow from proximal to distal?A. Glomerulus, papilla, renal cortex, major calyx
B. Descending limb of the loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, renal pelvis, urethra
C. Efferent arteriole, collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, renal medulla
D. Afferent arteriole, ascending limb of the loop of Henle, ureter, Bowman’s capsule
What is the function of angiotensin II?
A. Causes constriction of systemic arteries
B. Causes the collecting ducts to become permeable to water
C. Causes the formation of atrial natriuretic hormone
D. Causes constriction of the efferent arterioles
In which section of the renal tubule is most water reabsorbed?
A. Descending limb of the loop of Henle
B. Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
C. Collecting duct
D. Proximal convoluted tubule
In the nephron, if the afferent arteriole dilates and the efferent arteriole constricts, which of the following would be true?
A. The glomerular filtration rate would decrease.
B. The pressure in the glomerulus will decrease.
C. The absorption of sodium and chloride ions form the filtrate would increase.
D. Before these events, the granular cells would have released renin.
Alcohol is a diuretic. How does it produce this effect?
A. It promotes the production of aldosterone.
B. It inhibits the production of antidiuretic hormone.
C. It inhibits the production of atrial natriuretic peptide.
D. It promotes the release of angiotensin II.
Which of the following chemicals is produced by the kidney?
A. Angiotensinogen
B. Bicarbonate ions
C. Sodium ions
D. Vitamin C
Which material is secreted into the filtrate in the kidney tubule?
A. H2O
B. Urea
C. Na+
D. Albumin
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