Respiratory System
Henry’s law relates the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid to the partial pressure of the gas in contact with the liquid. In which situation would the greatest amount of oxygen dissolve in the liquid lining the alveoli?
Breathing in an atmosphere at normal pressure but enriched to 30% oxygen
Resting in a mountain range at a height of 3000 m above sea level
Seated inside a hyperbaric chamber at a pressure of three atmospheres
Scuba diving at a depth of 10 m underwater
Seated inside a hyperbaric chamber at a pressure of three atmospheres
The pp of oxygen in the situations described by choices B, A, D and C are 0.7X, 1.5X, 2X and 3X, respectively, the pp of oxygen at one atmosphere pressure. Hence, choice C would result in the greatest amount of oxygen dissolving in liquid.
Seated inside a hyperbaric chamber at a pressure of three atmospheres The pp of oxygen in the situations described by choices B, A, D and C are 0.7X, 1.5X, 2X and 3X, respectively, the pp of oxygen at one atmosphere pressure. Hence, choice C would result in the greatest amount of oxygen dissolving in liquid.
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Which structures are called bronchioles?A. Respiratory passageways that have cartilage in their walls
B. The tubes that open from the left and right primary bronchi
C. The tubes that enter a lobule
D. The tubes that enter an alveolar sac
Blood entering the capillaries of the alveoli has dissolved CO2 at 46 mm Hg and is separated from air in the alveoli, which contains CO2 at a partial pressure of 40 mm Hg, by the respiratory membrane. What will be the concentration of dissolved CO2 of the blood capillaries leaving the alveoli?
A. 40 mm Hg
B. 43 mm Hg
C. 46 mm Hg
D. 86 mm Hg
Mt. Everest “base camp” is located 5300 m above sea level. Here, the atmospheric pressure is 403 mmHg (rather than 760 mmHg at sea level), and the oxygen partial pressure in atmospheric air at this altitude is about 79 mmHg. What is the likely value for dissolved oxygen concentration in arterial blood for someone at base camp?
A. 149 mmHg
B. 104 mmHg
C. 79 mmHg
D. 50 mmHg
Which of the following buffer systems of the body is affected by the action of the lungs?
A. Protein
B. Monohydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate
C. Ammonia/ammonium
D. Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
Which molecule or ion dissolved in blood is able to stimulate the central chemoreceptors of the brain’s respiratory centre?
A. CO2
B. H3O+
C. O2
D. Ca2+
Which of the following lists the components of the respiratory membrane?
A. Alveolar epithelial cells, capillary endothelial cells and their basement membranes
B. Fluid and surfactant alveolar epithelial cells, capillary endothelial cells and their basement membranes
C. Visceral pleura, parietal pleura and serous fluid
D. Ciliated epithelial cells, mucus cells and secreted mucus
If the partial pressure of oxygen in the air contained in the alveoli of the lungs is 14 kPa, then the partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in the alveolar fluid will be:
A. Very close to 14 kPa
B. Significantly greater than 14 kPa
C. Significantly less than 14 kPa
D. Unable to be determined without the solubility coefficient of oxygen and the temperature of the alveolar fluid
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