Sociology
Bernstein thought that using ‘restricted codes’ of language disadvantaged pupils at school because:
this pattern of speech made them the target of bullying
they referred to explicit, context independent meanings
they prevented children from communicating outside of their peer groups
they involved short, simple sentences with a small vocabulary
they involved short, simple sentences with a small vocabulary
Differences in educational success can be related to class background and levels of material and cultural disadvantage. Bernstein identified two distinctive speech patterns used by the working and middle classes, respectively. The restricted code involved short, simple sentences with a limited vocabulary, while the elaborated code was more grammatically complex and context-independent. Education was based on the elaborated code of speech and writing, and so middle class children found it easier to succeed at school. 323-324
they involved short, simple sentences with a small vocabulary Differences in educational success can be related to class background and levels of material and cultural disadvantage. Bernstein identified two distinctive speech patterns used by the working and middle classes, respectively. The restricted code involved short, simple sentences with a limited vocabulary, while the elaborated code was more grammatically complex and context-independent. Education was based on the elaborated code of speech and writing, and so middle class children found it easier to succeed at school. 323-324
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