Urbanization occurred in the nineteenth century because:

commuters started moving out of villages and into cities
towns and cities were becoming increasingly planned and managed
industrial capitalism led to a shift of population from rural to urban areas
transport systems were not provided, so it was easier to live in the city
industrial capitalism led to a shift of population from rural to urban areas  The term ‘urbanization’ refers to the movement of large numbers of people from rural to urban areas, and the subsequent growth of cities. This shift in population can be attributed to the rise of industrial capitalism in the late nineteenth century, as factories were built in cities and the transport system was developed, for example through the building of the railway system. Leisure industries also emerged, for instance cinemas, theatres, and seaside holiday resorts. 501-502

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