Economic aid has largely failed to promote modernization in the developing countries because:

there are no clearly defined projects into which the money can be directed
the United Nations has refused to call on rich countries to provide it
debt repayments with interest can be greater than the amount of money received
debt repayments with interest can be greater than the amount of money received
debt repayments with interest can be greater than the amount of money received  When the overseas empires collapsed, new nation states emerged in the twentieth century, and many joined the United Nations. However, many ex-colonial countries remained unstable places to live, because there was a great deal of conflict between ethnic groups and they lacked a sense of national identity. The United Nations called on countries in the developed Western world to give economic aid to poorer countries, for example those in sub-Saharan Africa. However, this was problematic because the aid was given as a loan, with heavy rates of interest that drove the poorer countries further into debt. 635-636

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