Purpose of an optical filter is to

Reflect lights of different colours
Dispense light into component colours
Refract light of different colours
Transmit or absorb light of different colours
Transmit or absorb light of different colours  Optical filters are devices that selectively transmit light in a particular range of wavelengths, that is, colors, while blocking the remainder. They are commonly used in photography (where some special effect filters are occasionally used as well as absorptive filters), fluorescence microscopy, spectroscopy, clinical chemistry, colour stage lighting, etc.

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