Accounting Miscellaneous

General reserve can be distributed among the shareholders. General reserve can be used for distribution of dividend among shareholders when profit is insufficient. Reserves and surpluses are shown in liabilities side of balance sheet.

Articles of association contains rules and regulations for internal management of the business. Articles of Association is a document which prescribes the rules and bye-laws for the general management of the company and for the attainment of its object as given in the memorandum.

Discount allowed is a kind of deduction from Account Receivable.

Goodwill is classified as Intangible assets. The goodwill amounts to the excess of the “purchase consideration” (the money paid to purchase the asset or business) over the total value of the assets and liabilities. It is classified as an intangible asset on the balance sheet, since it can neither be seen nor touched.

Accounting period is time spann into which the total life of a business is divided for the purpose of preparing financial statements. This period defines the time range over which business transactions are accumulated into financial statements, and is needed by investors so that they can compare the results of successive time periods.

The accounting process involves recording Quantifiable economic event. An accounting event is a transaction that is recognized in the financial statements of an accounting entity.

Return on Investment Ratio (ROI) = (Net profit / Total assets) x 100. Return on Investment (ROI) is a performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of an investment or compare the efficiency of a number of different investments.

Cash and cash equivalent are the asset from the following. Cash and cash equivalents (CCE) are the most liquid current assets found on a business’s balance sheet. Cash equivalents are short-term commitments “with temporarily idle cash and easily convertible into a known cash amount”.

Balance sheets are prepared annually. It lists the current and fixed assets on the left side of the sheet and liabilities and owner’s equity (capital) on the right.

Bank Reconciliation statement is prepared by Accountant of business. Bank reconciliation statement is generally prepared by the company accountant or the bookkeeper with the purpose to compare the bank’s records with your own company records. It is done on monthly basis whenever bank statement arrives.