Gastrointestinal System

ATP production occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is called cellular respiration (rather than carbohydrate metabolism).

Amylase is the only enzyme. Pepsinogen is not an enzyme until it is changed to pepsin.

Plasma proteins are large molecules that otherwise would not be able to enter (or leave) blood capillaries.

The mucosal layer is in closest proximity to the contents of the canal and digested material must pass through it.

The syllable “-peptid-” refers to proteins (which are polypeptides).

The small intestine has a very large surface area which makes it well suited to absorbing the products of digestion.

A triglyceride is hydrolysed into two free fatty acids plus a monoglycerol. Chylomicrons are the structure within which fats are transported in the lymph and blood.

Glucose is one example of a monosaccharide, but there are others.

Digestion is the process of making smaller molecules from polymers by the addition of H or OH from water. It is called hydrolysis.

The term glycogenesis refers to the making (-genesis) of glycogen (glyco-) from glucose. This removes glucose from the blood circulation.