Renal System

    Renal System
    Glomerular filtration rate can be altered by all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one?
    Macula densa does not constrict the tubule. A decrease in plasma protein would increase the osmotic pressure opposing glomerular filtration.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    How does the composition of the filtrate change as it travels through the loop of Henle?
    The descending limb is permeable to water, so water flows out of the tubule decreasing filtrate volume. The ascending limb is impermeable to water, so its volume does not change; however, sodium, potassium and chloride ions are reabsorbed which decreases the concentration of the filtrate.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Which of the statements about the capillaries of the glomerulus is NOT true?
    Capillary walls are made of endothelial cells; there is no smooth muscle.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Which of the following may be said of the renal medulla?
    The medulla is deep to the cortex. In this region are many blood vessels (in the columns) and the collecting ducts (in the pyramids).
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    How does the descending limb of the loop of Henle differ from the ascending limb?
    The descending limb is permeable to water (the ascending limb is not). The descending limb is impermeable to solutes except urea.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    What is the role of aldosterone?
    Sodium ions are always reabsorbed from the filtrate. Aldosterone promotes greater reclamation of sodium from the DCT.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    What is the term used to describe the production of an insufficient volume of urine?
    Oliguria is the production of about 50–500 ml urine per day. Anuria is producing less than 50 ml per day.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    What does the presence of aldosterone in the blood cause?
    Sodium ions are reabsorbed from the filtrate. Aldosterone promotes greater reclamation of sodium from the DCT.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Which ion does aldosterone stimulate the kidneys to reabsorb?
    Sodium absorption is what aldosterone promotes.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    The density of water is 1.00 g/ml, and it has a specific gravity of 1.000. Which of the following is most likely to be the specific gravity of a urine sample?
    SG has no unit, so choice D is wrong. Choice C cannot be correct as the density is less than that of water.
    Author: rikazzz Comment