Biosphere

5000-10,000 kcal.m2 per year

3000-10,000 kcal.m2 per year

2000-10,000 kcal.m2 per year

1000-10,000 kcal.m2 per year

Bacteria and viruses

Cat

Rat

Cow

2

4

6

8

Erosion

Removal of topsoil

Eutrophication

Deforestation

10,000 to 90,000kcal/m2 per year

10,000 to 80,000kcal/m2 per year

10,000 to 40,000kcal/m2 per year

20,000 to 40,000kcal/m2 per year

Coastal estuary and tropical rain forest

Deserts and rain forest

Tundra and thick forest

Taiga forest

Prof.Claire Folsom

Edward Suess

Ed Shareen

Folsom

10,000 to 50,000 kcal/m2 per year

3,000 to 40,000 kcal/m2 per year

30,000 to 40,000 kcal/m2 per year

10,000 to 40,000kcal/m2 per year

Naturally subsidized solar powered ecosystem

Unsubsidized natural solar powered ecosystem

Man subsidized solar power ecosystem

Fuel power ecosystem

2

3

4

5