Forestry

Gamma diversity

Beta diversity

Community diversity

Ecosystem diversity

Hole in ozone layer

Decrease in the ozone layer in troposphere

Decrease in thickness of ozone layer in stratosphere

Increase in the thickness of ozone layer in troposphere

Pothwar

Himalayan forest grazing land

Salt range

All of the above

CO

CO2

C

SO2

Eichhornia crassipes

Solanum nigrum

Hydrilla

Parthenium hysterophorus

The production of clear material on rotations shorter than that would be required with natural pruning

The necessary period of growth after treatment is rather long, so the practice ordinarily must be coupled with thinning to stimulate diameter growth

Both (a) & (b)

None of these

Only the herbivores will die

All the animal will die

Only the carnivores will die

It will not matter to anyone because chemosynthetic bacteria will produce food for all

Hold organic matter

Hold water

Support life

Retain nutrients

Well developed stomata

Well developed aerenchyma

Well developed root system

Well developed vascular system

Air

Water

Soil

Noise