Forestry

The practical application of scientific, economic

Social principles to the administration

Working of a forest estate for specific objectives

All of the above

Prevention of spread of desert

To check soil erosion by wind and rains

To check soil erosion by afforestation

All of these

Dioscorea

Taxus

Rauvolfia

Papaver

Moisture conservation

Weed control

Improvement of soil structure

Increasing soil fertility

Due to a variety of measures such as terracing, plantations and restricted grazing

The traditional freedom of the inhabitants is curbed in the uplands and they become reluctant to accept offers of improvement

Both (a) & (b)

None of these

Commensalism

Lichen

Mutualism

None of these

245 ppm

275 ppm

215 ppm

230 ppm

Neutralism

Mutualism

Parasitism

Commensalism

Crops of subsidiary species, (usually low shrubs but on occasion small trees or even herbs)

Intentionally introduced into a plantation with the primary object of restoring a cover to the soil as quickly as possible

It minimizing the known deterioration consequent on exposure

All of the above

Nature of parent material

Annual rainfall

Wind velocity

Mean temperature