Climate and Natural Vegetation

32 °C

40 °C

48 °C

38 °C

ground layer

undergrowth layer

emergent layer

canopy layer

10° north and 30° south

15° north and 45° south

5° north and 30° south

20° north and 33° south

Penstemon

Fuchsia

Elephant grass

Bergenia

tropical forest

desert

grassland

Savannas

southern parts of Malaysia and Indonesia

northern parts of Brazil and Africa

northern parts of Brazil and Venezuela

southern parts of Brazil and Venezuela

−12 °C and 20 °C

−18 °C and 25 °C

−30 °C and 10 °C

−25 °C and 20 °C

undergrowth layer

emergent layer

canopy layer

all of above

humus

algae

fungi

cacti

steppes

velds

pampas

prairies