Islamic History and Culture

Alp Arslan was the second Sultan of the Seljuq Empire. The Seljuq Empire was founded by Tughril. Alp Arlslan was the nephew of Tughril.

Ibn Tufail was an Andulasian Muslim polymath. He was a writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, vizier, and a court official. He is known for his philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan.

Cordova or Cordoba, in Arabic Qurtabah, was a city in al-Andalus and the Capital al-Andalus and capital of Caliphate of Cordoba. Under Caliph al-Hakam of Cordova, it became a center of education. Cordova was captured in 711 by the Muslim army of Tariq ibn Ziyad.

Khairuddin Barbarossa was initially a sailor, then a naval captain, and later made admiral by the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman (Suleiman the Magnificent). His naval victories secured the Ottoman dominance over the Mediterranean.

Al Khwarizmi was a Polymath. He was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, geographer, and is known for his contributions to cartography. He was mainly known for being a mathematician because he was principally responsible for spreading the Arab numerals into the Middle East, Latin West, and Europe. The Arab numerals were developed from Indian sources.