Recombination, Damage and Repair of DNA

1950

1960

1930

1970

Homologous chromosomes

Illegitimate recombination

Recombination

Translation

Missense mutation

Silent mutation

Nonsense mutation

Termination

Erwin Chargaff

Marshall Nirenberg

Barbara McClintock

Oswald Avery

Transition

Frameshift mutation

Point mutation

Transition

Moving genes

Disposable gene

Jumping gene

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) fragment

non-homologous chromosomes only

Illegitimate recombination only

legitimate recombination

non-homologous chromosomes illegitimate recombination

Point mutation

Frameshift mutation

Transitions

Transversion

Jumping genes

Retro transposition

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) transposition

Transposable elements

Missense mutation

Silent mutation

Nonsense mutation

Point mutation