Reasoning

    Analogy
    Microphone : Loud :: Microscope : ? (analogy)
    As Microphone makes sound louder similarly Microscope makes the object magnified.
    Analogy
    Dark : Fear :: Honesty : ? (analogy)
    First leads to the second.
    Analogy
    Poor : Money (analogy)
    First indicates the lack of second.
    Analogy
    Ovation : Applause (analogy)
    The words in pair are synonyms of each other.
    Analogy
    Silence : Noise (analogy)
    As Silence is opposite to noise, similarly Baldness is opposite to Hair.
    Analogy
    Satisfy : Hunger (analogy)
    First refers to the act of subduing or doing away with the second.
    Analogy
    PASTORAL : RURAL (analogy)
    Pastoral describes rural areas; metropolitan describes urban areas.
    Odd Man Out
    Find the odd man out from: Shovel : Mud, Screwdriver : Screw, Hammer : Nail & Pen : Pencil
    In all other pairs, first is a tool which works on the second.
    Analogy
    COTTON : BALE (analogy)
    Upon harvesting, cotton is gathered into bales; grain is gathered into shocks.
    Analogy
    Money : Bank (analogy)
    Money is kept in a bank. Similarly, arrows are kept in a quiver.