Social Work

Going back to an earlier stage of development.

Justifying one’s actions.

Magically atoning for certain acts that give rise to guilt.

Attributing one’s emotions to other persons.

Community Services

Voluntary Services

Public Welfare Services

Social Welfare Services

Family, playgroup and community

Family, clan and school

Family, friends and community

Family, caste and clan

Capitalist State

Communist State

Totalitarian State

Welfare State

Narrow Span

Closed Control

Broad Span

Centralisation

M.S. Gore

Murray G. Ross

K.D. Gangrade

Arthur Dunham

To understand development or maintenance of risk behaviour.

To understand the potential implications for prevention.

To direct the attention on only one view of the person.

Risk reduction by developing coping strategies and alignment with support systems.