Cardiovascular System
Blood clotting is a complicated process with many steps. Which of the following lists comprises substances that are already present in blood, ready to perform their role in clotting when needed?
Thrombin, prothrombinase, tissue plasminogen activator
Fibrinogen, prothrombin, plasminogen, factor X
Platelets, fibrinogen, fibrin, fibrinase
Fibrin, thrombin, plasmin, prothrombinase
Fibrinogen, prothrombin, plasminogen, factor X
These substances are all inactive (-ogen and pro-) until activated by an enzyme. The enzymes that can activate them are not produced until they are needed. (An enzyme complex converts factor X to prothrombinase. Prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin โ which is insoluble. Tissue plasminogen activator converts plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin dissolves fibrin.)
Fibrinogen, prothrombin, plasminogen, factor X These substances are all inactive (-ogen and pro-) until activated by an enzyme. The enzymes that can activate them are not produced until they are needed. (An enzyme complex converts factor X to prothrombinase. Prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin โ which is insoluble. Tissue plasminogen activator converts plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin dissolves fibrin.)
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By what name is the heart muscle known?A. Epicardium
B. Myocardium
C. Pericardium
D. Endocardium
Which statement about cardiac output is correct?
A. Cardiac output is peripheral resistance multiplied by stroke volume.
B. Mean arterial pressure multiplied by peripheral resistance is cardiac output.
C. Cardiac output is heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.
D. Cardiac output is blood volume multiplied by heart rate.
What is “systolic pressure”?
A. The peak pressure in the blood due to contraction of the left ventricle.
B. The minimum pressure in the blood prior to contraction of the left ventricle.
C. It may be obtained by multiplying cardiac output by total peripheral resistance.
D. It is also known as mean arterial pressure.
A statement of Boyle’s law could be:
A. As pressure of a gas increases, its solubility increases.
B. As volume of a gas increases, its pressure decreases.
C. As volume of a gas decreases, its pressure decreases.
D. As pressure of a gas increases, its solubility decreases.
Which of the following is not a type of white blood cell?
A. Leucocyte
B. Eosinophil
C. Erythrocyte
D. Neutrophil
Consider Boyle’s law. If the pressure being exerted on an enclosed volume of gas (at a constant temperature) is increased by 20%, by what percentage would its volume change?
A. Volume would increase by 20%.
B. Volume would increase by 44%.
C. Volume would decrease by 44%.
D. Volume would decrease by 20%.
Through which valve does blood flow when it moves from the left atrium into the left ventricle?
A. The semilunar valve
B. The mitral valve
C. The tricuspid valve
D. The aortic valve
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