Nervous System

An action potential is an efferent impulse that travels along the axon away from the cell body.

The pathway begins at the photoreceptors, so the eye lens is not included. The decussation of pyramids and postcentral gyrus are not part of the visual pathway.

It is the distribution of ions of different charge on either side of the membrane that determines the membrane potential.

This choice is nonsense.

The thalamus is about 13 “nuclei” that receive and then distribute (i.e. relays) sensory information from the body to the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei.

Synaptic knobs are at the distal end of an axon. The axon hillock is at the proximal end.

The peripheral nervous system has afferent neurons that carry sensory information to the brain and efferent neurons that carry motor information from the brain to the body.

The precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe is the primary motor area of the brain and is separated from the primary sensory area (the postcentral gyrus), by the central sulcus.

The structures of the diencephalon are the thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal and posterior pituitary glands. The anterior pituitary is glandular epithelial tissue rather than nervous tissue so is not part of the brain. The third ventricle is surrounded by the thalamus but contains no brain tissue. The mammillary body is part of the hypothalamus.

Conductive loss is used to describe the situation where sound is not conducted well to the inner ear, which is otherwise healthy. The other three choices are different names for the same thing which is damage to the cochlea or auditory nerve.