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Renal System
Which statement about kidney anatomy is correct?
The cortex is superficial to the medulla and contains all of the glomeruli.
The cortex is deep to the medulla and contains the collecting tubules.
The pyramids are in the cortex and contain the collecting tubules.
The pyramids are in the medulla and contain all of the glomeruli.
The cortex is superficial to the medulla. All glomeruli are in the cortex. The medulla has the collecting ducts.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
Which list of structures is presented in the correct order in which urine passes through them on the way to the bladder?
Ureter, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, papilla
Renal pelvis, major calyx, minor calyx, papilla, ureter
Papilla, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
Minor calyx, major calyx, papilla, renal pelvis, ureter
Collecting ducts empty into the papilla, so the papilla must be first.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule in the presence of ADH
Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Descending limb of the loop of Henle
The ascending limb. Hence, volume of filtrate does not change as it passes through the ascending limb.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
Which statement about the kidney anatomy is correct? Renal pyramids are in the:
Medulla and end in a papilla that empties into a minor calyx
Medulla and end in a column that empties into a major calyx
Cortex and end in a papilla that empties into a minor calyx
Cortex and end in a column that empties into a minor calyx
Pyramids for the medulla. They contain collecting ducts that deliver urine a minor calyx via a papilla.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
Which of the following are organic wastes produced by the body?
Uric acid and ammonium ions
Amino acids and potassium ions
Albumin and globulin
Urea and sodium ions
Ammonium ions are produced when amino acids are deaminated. Sodium is not organic.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
Caffeine is a diuretic. What is its mode of action?
It inhibits Na+ reabsorption from the filtrate hence the water reabsorption that follows.
It promotes the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), hence the insertion of aquaporins in the tubule cell membrane.
It promotes the secretion of aldosterone, hence the absorption of Na+.
It inhibits the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), hence the absorption of Na+.
A diuretic causes a greater volume of urine to be produced. This will happen if water is NOT reabsorbed from the filtrate. The other three choices will result in a decrease in the volume of urine produced.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
Only one of the following statements about the juxtaglomerular apparatus is WRONG. Which one?
Macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that can secrete a paracrine mes-sage that causes the afferent arteriole to constrict.
Macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that can secrete a paracrine mes-sage that results in the dilation of the afferent arteriole.
Granular cells are mechanoreceptors that release renin that causes sys-temic arteries to constrict.
Granular cells are chemoreceptors that release renin that causes systemic arteries to constrict.
Granular cells are not chemoreceptors. Systemic arteries constrict due to angiotensin II which is formed after the release of renin.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
Which part of the renal tubule is impermeable to water?
The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
The collecting duct
The proximal convoluted tubule
The thin portion of the loop of Henle
Water does not pass through the ascending limb. However, solutes (Na and Cl) do pass through.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
The kidneys produce all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one?
Erythropoietin
Angiotensinogen
Hydronium ions
Bicarbonate ions
Angiotensinogen is produced in the liver. Renin (produced in the kidneys) converts it to angiotensin I.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Renal System
What is the purpose of ANP in urine production?
Stimulate the reabsorption of Na+
Stimulate the reabsorption of Ca++
Inhibit the reabsorption of Na+
Stimulate the reabsorption of water
ANP triggers the dilation of the afferent arterioles and constriction of efferent arterioles which increases GFR. It also decreases sodium reabsorption from the filtrate. Hence, urine volume increases (and blood volume and pressure decreases).
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
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