Renal System

    Renal System
    When systemic blood pressure increases, how does the kidney respond to maintain glomerular filtration rate?
    An increase in BP stretches the walls of the efferent arteriole which respond by constricting. The resulting decrease in diameter decreases glomerular blood flow which keeps GFR within normal limits.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    The renal tubule of the nephron includes which of the following structures?
    Glomerulus, collecting duct and vasa recta are not part of the tubule. The loop of Henle has both an ascending arm and a descending arm.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Under what conditions will the kidney produce concentrated urine? If:
    Aldosterone causes sodium to be absorbed from the filtrate at the DCT and collecting duct. This sets up an osmotic gradient. ADH makes the tubule more permeable to water. Hence, water can move from the filtrate into the tubule cells along the osmotic gradient.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Which one of the following is a function of the renal system?
    Renin is produced in the kidney.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    What does the term “oliguria” refer to?
    Oliguria refers to a less than normal daily volume of urine being produced. Normal is about 2 litres per day.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    The filtrate that is formed in the kidney contains all of the following except one. Which one?
    Plasma proteins are too large to pass through the filtration slits of the glomerular capillaries.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    What may correctly be said of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (or complex)?
    The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in Na + & Cl- ions. The granular cells are mechanoreceptors.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water, so water diffuses out of the descending limb into the interstitial fluid. What happens to this water?
    Water (and solutes) that are reabsorbed from the filtrate return to the blood stream via the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Glucose and other organic solutes are reabsorbed from the filtrate by which cells?
    The cells of the wall of the PCT absorb most wanted nutrients from the glomerular filtrate.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    If a urine-specific gravity was measured to be 1.003, an interpretation would be that:
    1.003 is close to the lower limit of urine SG, indicating that the kidney is not conserving water, so the person is well hydrated.
    Author: rikazzz Comment