Physics

Formula for distance is speed x time.

The apparent depth will look less that its real depth due to the refraction of light. Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where it’s speed is different. The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light ray toward the normal to the boundary between the two media. The amount of bending depends on the indices of refraction of the two media and is described quantitatively by Snell’s Law.

The waves in the electromagnetic spectrum that have the longest wavelengths and lowest frequency are called radio waves.

Frequency modulation (FM) conveys information over a carrier wave by varying its instantaneous frequency. This contrasts with amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the carrier is varied while its frequency remains constant. Frequency modulation is also used in telemetry, radar, seismic prospecting and newborn EEG seizure monitoring. Frequency modulation is known as phase modulation when the carrier phase modulation is the time integral of the FM signal. FM is widely used for broadcasting music and speech, two-way radio systems, magnetic taperecording systems and some video-transmission systems.

Nuclear Reactors uses Controlled Nuclear Fission to generate electricity. A nuclear reactor splits the atoms of nuclear fuel (eg. uranium) to generate energy to turn water into steam to drive turbine generators.

The optical phenomenon that is primarily responsible for the observation of rainbow on a rainy day is dispersion. Rainbow is caused mainly by reflection, refraction and dispersion.