Constitution and Constitutional Government

Rigid party system

Strict party discipline

The head of the state enjoys vast powers

The state is considered above eveything else

Machiavelli

Hobbes

Locke

Rousseau

Can be amended only by a special procedure

Cannot be amended

Can be amended by the legislature through ordinary law-making procedure

Can be amended only with the consent of the majority of the people

Is based on conventions

Is specifically enacted

Grows with the passage of time

Is given by the head of the state

Absence of political stability

Strong party system

Powerful leadership

Foreign economic aid

It does not give idea about basic rights of the people

It is not suited to federations

It results in frequent litigations

It does not result in usurpation of authority

The constitution in its totality

The preface of the constitution

The spirit of the constitution as distinguished from its body

The character of the constitution

Wholly unwritten

Adopted after obtaining sanction of the people

Very brief

Not adopted by a formal constituent body

U.K.

U.S.A.

Switzerland

All the above countries

China

Yugoslavia

U.S.S.R.

None of these