Constitution and Constitutional Government

Basic rights and liberties

Constitutional jurisdictions

Independence of judiciary

Right to property of the individuals

Professor Jellineck

Gilchrist

Leacock

Finer

The result of slow process of evolution

Enacted after deliberation and discussion

One which has reduced the customs and conventions into writing

One which has been given by the King

To restrain the actions of the rulers to protect their rights

To reduce the possibility of arbitrary action

To ensure a government which is comprehensible to the subjects

To educate the people in the art of government

State is expressed

The people is expressed

The head of the state is expressed

The majority is expressed

Desire to preserve stability of political community

Desire for liberty combined with limitation of authority

Desire for justice through general and equal application of laws

All the above

Switzerland

India

France

U.K.

Adheres strictly to constitutional provisions

Does not have a monarch as head of the state

Places effective restrictions on the authority

Of the state in the interests of individual liberty.

To empower the legislature

To take recourse to plebiscite

By means of direct democratic devices

By empowering judiciary

Freedom of speech

Freecom of expression

Security of life

Right to worship a particular religion