Respiratory System
Given that the partial pressures of oxygen and of carbon dioxide in blood entering the alveolar capillaries are pO2 = 40 mmHg and pCO2 = 46 mmHg, respectively, and that the air in the alveoli contains pO2 = 104 mmHg and pCO2 = 40 mmHg, which of the following will happen?
O2 will diffuse from alveoli into blood, and CO2 will diffuse into alveoli from blood.
Both O2 and CO2 will diffuse from alveoli into blood.
Both O2 and CO2 will diffuse from blood into alveoli.
CO2 will diffuse from alveoli into blood and O2 will diffuse into alveoli from blood.
O2 will diffuse from alveoli into blood, and CO2 will diffuse into alveoli from blood.
Oxygen will diffuse from where it is in high concentration (104 mmHg in alveolar fluid) to where it is in lower concentration (40 mmHg in venous blood).
CO2 will diffuse from blood (where it is at 46 mmHg) into the alveolar fluid (where it is at 40 mmHg). From the alveolar fluid, CO2 will vaporise into the alveoli for exhalation.
CO2 will diffuse from blood (where it is at 46 mmHg) into the alveolar fluid (where it is at 40 mmHg). From the alveolar fluid, CO2 will vaporise into the alveoli for exhalation.
O2 will diffuse from alveoli into blood, and CO2 will diffuse into alveoli from blood. Oxygen will diffuse from where it is in high concentration (104 mmHg in alveolar fluid) to where it is in lower concentration (40 mmHg in venous blood).
CO2 will diffuse from blood (where it is at 46 mmHg) into the alveolar fluid (where it is at 40 mmHg). From the alveolar fluid, CO2 will vaporise into the alveoli for exhalation.
CO2 will diffuse from blood (where it is at 46 mmHg) into the alveolar fluid (where it is at 40 mmHg). From the alveolar fluid, CO2 will vaporise into the alveoli for exhalation.
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B. The tubes that open from the left and right primary bronchi
C. The tubes that enter a lobule
D. The tubes that enter an alveolar sac
Blood entering the capillaries of the alveoli has dissolved CO2 at 46 mm Hg and is separated from air in the alveoli, which contains CO2 at a partial pressure of 40 mm Hg, by the respiratory membrane. What will be the concentration of dissolved CO2 of the blood capillaries leaving the alveoli?
A. 40 mm Hg
B. 43 mm Hg
C. 46 mm Hg
D. 86 mm Hg
Mt. Everest “base camp” is located 5300 m above sea level. Here, the atmospheric pressure is 403 mmHg (rather than 760 mmHg at sea level), and the oxygen partial pressure in atmospheric air at this altitude is about 79 mmHg. What is the likely value for dissolved oxygen concentration in arterial blood for someone at base camp?
A. 149 mmHg
B. 104 mmHg
C. 79 mmHg
D. 50 mmHg
Which of the following buffer systems of the body is affected by the action of the lungs?
A. Protein
B. Monohydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate
C. Ammonia/ammonium
D. Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
Which molecule or ion dissolved in blood is able to stimulate the central chemoreceptors of the brain’s respiratory centre?
A. CO2
B. H3O+
C. O2
D. Ca2+
Which of the following lists the components of the respiratory membrane?
A. Alveolar epithelial cells, capillary endothelial cells and their basement membranes
B. Fluid and surfactant alveolar epithelial cells, capillary endothelial cells and their basement membranes
C. Visceral pleura, parietal pleura and serous fluid
D. Ciliated epithelial cells, mucus cells and secreted mucus
If the partial pressure of oxygen in the air contained in the alveoli of the lungs is 14 kPa, then the partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in the alveolar fluid will be:
A. Very close to 14 kPa
B. Significantly greater than 14 kPa
C. Significantly less than 14 kPa
D. Unable to be determined without the solubility coefficient of oxygen and the temperature of the alveolar fluid
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