Endocrine System
How do steroid hormones differ from amino acid-based hormones?
Steroid hormones are water soluble, whereas amino acid-based hormones are not.
The receptors for steroid hormones are only in the cytoplasm or the nucleus (and amino acid-based hormones are not).
Steroid hormones are made only in the adrenal glands, while amino acid- based hormones are produced by a variety of glands.
Steroid hormones activate a G-protein and exert their effect via “second messengers”, but the action of amino acid-based hormones results directly on binding to their receptor.
The receptors for steroid hormones are only in the cytoplasm or the nucleus (and amino acid-based hormones are not).
Steroid hormones are lipid soluble so can enter the cell to bind to receptors located inside the cell. Amino acid-based hormones are not lipid soluble so their receptors are located outside the cell on the plasma membrane.
The receptors for steroid hormones are only in the cytoplasm or the nucleus (and amino acid-based hormones are not). Steroid hormones are lipid soluble so can enter the cell to bind to receptors located inside the cell. Amino acid-based hormones are not lipid soluble so their receptors are located outside the cell on the plasma membrane.
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Which statement is NOT CORRECT?A. Males and females produce testosterone and estrogen, respectively, in their gonads.
B. Both male and females produce follicle stimulating hormone and luteiniz-ing hormone.
C. Oxytocin is produced and released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
D. Production of testosterone and estrogen inhibits the release of gonadotrophin- releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.
Which of the following is an amino acid derivative hormone?
A. Epinephrine
B. Tyrosine
C. Testosterone
D. Prostaglandin
Which of the following statements about endocrine hormones is always true?
A. They are secreted by neurones.
B. They are derived from amino acids.
C. They are produced by exocrine glands.
D. They are released into the bloodstream.
Which hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex and contribute to carbohydrate metabolism?
A. Androgens
B. Mineralocorticoids
C. Glucocorticoids
D. Gonadocorticoids
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of hormone action?
A. A hormone may activate an enzyme.
B. A hormone may bind to a protein to alter the permeability of the plasma membrane.
C. A hormone may bind to troponin to expose the binding site the myosin cross-bridge.
D. A hormone may enter the cell to stimulate cell mitosis.
Which statement below about hormones is true?
A. Hormones are enzymes that catalyse reactions.
B. Hormones are released into the blood circulation.
C. Hormones affect all cells of the body.
D. Hormones are released by neurones at synapses.
Which of the following lists of organs and hormones involved in a control process that releases that hormone is WRONG?
A. Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, thyroid-stimulating hormone
B. Hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, antidiuretic hormone
C. Hypothalamus, adrenal medulla, epinephrine
D. Thalamus, hypothalamus, oxytocin
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