If the spinal cord is severed below C4, what will be the effect on breathing?

Paraplegia will result, but breathing will not be affected.
The intercostal muscles are able to effect ventilation, but the diaphragm will not work.
The diaphragm is able to effect ventilation, but the intercostal muscles will not work.
Independent breathing will not be possible.
The diaphragm is able to effect ventilation, but the intercostal muscles will not work.  The diaphragm is innervated by spinal nerves that leave the spinal cord between C3 and C5, so a break below C4 will leave some the nerves above C4 intact and some diaphragm movement is possible.

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C. The tubes that enter a lobule
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Blood entering the capillaries of the alveoli has dissolved CO2 at 46 mm Hg and is separated from air in the alveoli, which contains CO2 at a partial pressure of 40 mm Hg, by the respiratory membrane. What will be the concentration of dissolved CO2 of the blood capillaries leaving the alveoli?
A. 40 mm Hg
B. 43 mm Hg
C. 46 mm Hg
D. 86 mm Hg
Mt. Everest “base camp” is located 5300 m above sea level. Here, the atmospheric pressure is 403 mmHg (rather than 760 mmHg at sea level), and the oxygen partial pressure in atmospheric air at this altitude is about 79 mmHg. What is the likely value for dissolved oxygen concentration in arterial blood for someone at base camp?
A. 149 mmHg
B. 104 mmHg
C. 79 mmHg
D. 50 mmHg
Which of the following buffer systems of the body is affected by the action of the lungs?
A. Protein
B. Monohydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate
C. Ammonia/ammonium
D. Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
Which molecule or ion dissolved in blood is able to stimulate the central chemoreceptors of the brain’s respiratory centre?
A. CO2
B. H3O+
C. O2
D. Ca2+
Which of the following lists the components of the respiratory membrane?
A. Alveolar epithelial cells, capillary endothelial cells and their basement membranes
B. Fluid and surfactant alveolar epithelial cells, capillary endothelial cells and their basement membranes
C. Visceral pleura, parietal pleura and serous fluid
D. Ciliated epithelial cells, mucus cells and secreted mucus
If the partial pressure of oxygen in the air contained in the alveoli of the lungs is 14 kPa, then the partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in the alveolar fluid will be:
A. Very close to 14 kPa
B. Significantly greater than 14 kPa
C. Significantly less than 14 kPa
D. Unable to be determined without the solubility coefficient of oxygen and the temperature of the alveolar fluid

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