The wall of a dam is broader at the base

Because streamlining is required
To withstand pressure that increases with depth
To withstand pressure that increases in a horizontal plane
To withstand pressure that is increased with atmospheric pressure
To withstand pressure that increases with depth  The pressure applied to walls of the dam will be a function of the amount of water that is over that particular point on the wall. So water pressure is very large at the bottom due to its large depth. That’s why dams are constructed thicker at their bottoms than at their tops.

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