Nervous System
What is the likely result of an injury that severs the spinal cord between C5 and C6?
Respiratory failure and death
Paraplegia
Hemiplegia
Quadriplegia
Quadriplegia
Spinal nerves below the break cannot pass on impulses from the brain. So quadriplegia results because the spinal nerves that innervate the limbs leave the spinal cord below the level of the spinal cord break (except for some brachial nerves that leave at C5). Fortunately, the phrenic nerve, which innervates the diaphragm, leaves the spinal cord at C3, C4 and C5 so will still carry impulses from the brain. So breathing will continue.
Quadriplegia Spinal nerves below the break cannot pass on impulses from the brain. So quadriplegia results because the spinal nerves that innervate the limbs leave the spinal cord below the level of the spinal cord break (except for some brachial nerves that leave at C5). Fortunately, the phrenic nerve, which innervates the diaphragm, leaves the spinal cord at C3, C4 and C5 so will still carry impulses from the brain. So breathing will continue.
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In the spinal cord, the ascending tracts contain:A. White matter and transmit sensory information
B. White matter and transmit motor commands
C. Grey matter and transmit sensory information
D. Grey matter and transmit motor commands
Which sequence of ion movements describes the action potential?
A. Na+ move out of cell then K+ move in
B. K+ move in to cell then Na+ move out
C. K+ move out of cell then Na+ move in
D. Na+ move into cell then K+ move out
Which of the following substances is prevented from entering the brain by the blood-brain barrier?
A. Glucose
B. Nicotine
C. Pharmaceuticals
D. Alcohol
There are three ossicles in the middle ear. What are their names?
A. Malleus, stapedius, otolith
B. Cochlea, stapes, incus
C. Stapedius, ampulla, cochlea
D. Malleus, stapes, incus
The inner ear (or internal ear) may be described as a series of tubes. What are the tubes filled with?
A. Air
B. Perilymph
C. Endolymph
D. Perilymph and endolymph
What characterises a spinal reflex?
A. It involves rapid processing by the brain and a predictable response.
B. It is a predictable, unlearned and involuntary motor response.
C. It is a rapid, predictable, learned and involuntary motor response.
D. It involves stimulation of a motor neurone by a sensory neurone that originates within the CNS.
A multipolar neuron has more than one of what?
A. Dendrite attached to the cell body
B. Axon attached to the cell body
C. Synaptic terminal attached to the axon
D. Cell body
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