Structured observation
Which of the following is a problem associated with survey research?
The problem of objectivity
The problem of “going native”
The problem of omission
The problem of robustness
The problem of omission
When respondents read a survey questionnaire, they may not always interpret particular questions correctly and they may, inadvertently, skip a key word in the question and so answer inappropriately. Usually this can be traced to a defect in the manner of phrasing the question but the point, here, is the damage has been done. “Tips and skills” on page 267 lists the most significant problems of survey research as a tool in studying behaviour, including the problem of omission. Objectivity and non-involvement (and hence little risk of “going native”) are claimed as advantages of survey methodologies.
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 267
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 267
The problem of omission When respondents read a survey questionnaire, they may not always interpret particular questions correctly and they may, inadvertently, skip a key word in the question and so answer inappropriately. Usually this can be traced to a defect in the manner of phrasing the question but the point, here, is the damage has been done. “Tips and skills” on page 267 lists the most significant problems of survey research as a tool in studying behaviour, including the problem of omission. Objectivity and non-involvement (and hence little risk of “going native”) are claimed as advantages of survey methodologies.
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 267
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 267
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What did Salancik mean by “field stimulations”?A. Being immersed in the field can help to simulate the experience of your informants
B. Researchers can intervene in and manipulate a setting to observe the effects
C. Surveys conducted in the field are more effective than structured observation
D. Some researchers find their projects so stimulating that they have to lie down
LaPiere conducted a study of the way restaurant owners granted or refused access to a Chinese couple. This is an example of observing behaviour in terms of:
A. Individuals
B. Incidents
C. Short time periods
D. Long time periods
The key advantage of structured observation over survey research is that:
A. It does not rely on the researcher’s ability to take notes
B. The researcher is immersed as a participant in the field they are studying
C. It does not impose any expectations of behaviour on the respondents
D. It allows you to observe people’s behaviour directly
Which of the following is not a type of sampling used in structured observation?
A. Focal sampling
B. Scan sampling
C. Emotional sampling
D. Behaviour sampling
What is meant by the term “reactive effect”?
A. If people know they are being observed, they may change their behaviour
B. Research subjects may have a bad reaction to the drugs they are given
C. Researchers sometimes react to their informants’ behaviour with horror
D. The categories on an observation schedule may not be mutually exclusive
What is an observation schedule?
A. A set of explicit rules for assigning behaviour to categories
B. A timetable of days on which you plan to carry out your observation
C. A list of questions to ask your interviewees
D. A way of testing for measurement validity
Cohen’s kappa is a measure of:
A. Inter-surveyor consistency
B. Intra-observer validity
C. Intra-coder validity
D. Inter-observer consistency
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