Chemistry for Physiology

For example, glucose maybe absorbed from the gut by passing through the plasma membrane of the cells lining the gut. Glucose is also absorbed by cells for respiration inside mitochondria.

Lipids consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with relatively few O compared to C. Choice C is a monosaccharide; choice A is a protein (note the nitrogen). No one should have chosen D (= calcium hydroxyapatite).

Natrium is sodium. As 130 is less than 137, the prefix “hypo-” is the correct one.

RBC placed in a hypertonic solution would lose water to the solution, so their volume would decrease (they would shrink). This would cause their membrane to become wrinkled (to crenate).

A proton is a subatomic particle so it is smaller than all of the others.

If the RBC swell, that means water is entering the cells; hence the surrounding liquid is at a lower concentration (i.e. hypotonic) to the liquid inside RBC.

pH above 7.0 indicates basic. 7.25 is below the healthy range.

A disaccharide is a sugar (hence a carbohydrate) that can be simplified into simpler sugars.

Water is a compound of H and O.

Choices A, B and C are all isotonic solutions. “Hypo-” refers to a solution concentration that is less than that of human blood.