Research Methodology

    Sampling in quantitative research
    Snowball sampling can help the researcher to:
    ‘Snowball’ sampling is employed most often when it is completely impossible to develop a sampling frame, as it was for Bryman’s own Disney project (see chapters 24 and 25 for the actual data and analysis). “Research in focus 8.4” gives an example of producing a sample of drug users by asking a few respondents to name others who might be interviewed, who in turn mention others, and so on. Although this sample-building technique is more likely to be used in qualitative research for purposes of induction, it can be used to quantify relationships among sample members, for example, within quantitative research.
    Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 188,189
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    Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS)
    A label attached to the:
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    Social research strategies: quantitative research and qualitative research
    Which of the following is an ontological question?
    Ontology means the study of things outside ourselves, an external reality. Whereas this might seem reasonably straightforward as far as the natural world is concerned, it is far more complicated in the social world. Here, the study is concerned with figuring out whether the place we work in, or the university we study in, actually exists “outside” of the workers and students, say. We might say that the buildings fairly obviously exist (although some philosophers feel we shouldn’t be too sure about this!) but what about the nature, or the culture, or the ‘atmosphere’ of those organizations. Surely these depend a lot on the people in them? So the fundamental ontological question in the social sciences is as shown in answer (d).
    Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 28
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    Self-administered questionnaires
    One of the advantages of self-completion questionnaires over structured interviews is that:
    One of the reasons for using self-completion questionnaires is to eliminate interviewer effects, so answer (b) must be wrong. It is the questions themselves that will influence measurement validity, rather than the instrument used to group the questions. Consequently, structured interviews are as likely to have measurement validity as a mailed questionnaire. Finally, since this type of questionnaire is typically coded in advance, it is hard to see how inter-coder variation might occur, whereas separate interviewers might possibly code respondent data differently to each other.
    Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 221,222
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    Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS)
    The paired t test is used to test _________ between two population means:
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    Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS)
    Basic step of research process:
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    Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS)
    The right hand pane contain statistical:
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    Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS)
    A correlation of ________ indicates there is no straight line relationship at all:
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    Using IBM SPSS statistics
    In which sub-dialog box can the Chi Square test be found?
    The Chi-square test is down a number of levels in the Analyse drop-down menu. The entire sequence would look like this: click ‘Analyze’; select ‘Descriptive Statistics’; select ‘Crosstabs’; choose your dependent variable for the ‘Row(s)’ box and your independent variable for the Column(s) box); click Cells, then check ‘Observed’, ‘Column’ and ‘Round cell counts’ on the Cell Display dialog box and then ‘Continue’; back in the Crosstabs box, click ‘Statistics’, then check ‘Chi-square’ and ‘Phi and Cramér’s V’ on the Statistics dialog box and then ‘Continue’; finally, click ‘OK’ on the Crosstabs box and you will get an output like that shown in Table 16.2 on page 364.
    Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 363-366
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS)
    Which command is useful when the data are of a hierarchical structure:
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