Sociology

Durkheim observed that suicide rates were higher during times of peace and lower during times of war or revolution. He explained this phenomenon using the concept of social integration. During periods of war or revolution, societies experience heightened collective solidarity and a stronger sense of purpose, which reduces feelings of isolation and anomie (normlessness). This increased social cohesion leads to lower suicide rates. In contrast, during times of peace, societal bonds may weaken, and individuals may experience greater feelings of alienation or lack of purpose, contributing to higher suicide rates.