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Sociology
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Classical Sociological Theories
249
Social Structure and Social Change
129
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Sociology
Which of the following is NOT associated with functionalism?
Emile Durkheim
Ralf Dahrendorf
Talcott Parsons
Robert Merton
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Sociology
Religion exists as an organized set of
Belief
Behavior
Norms
All of above
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Sociology
Which of the following is true regarding social mobility?
Social mobility is controlled by those in the higher strata through control of opportunities for training and education
Social mobility can occur when societies change altering the division of labor
Social mobility occurs only when shifts occur in the availability of different types of talent in the work force
none of above
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Sociology
Generalizations’ can lead to
Stereotypes
Prejudice
Assimilation
A and B
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Sociology
The depression that occurs when the last child leaves the home is called:
childless anxiety
empty-nest syndrome
the nurturing complex
the fear of singularity
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Sociology
Ascribing a deviant behavior to another person by members of society is called
Labeling theory
Conflict theory
Primary deviance
Secondary deviance
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Sociology
What term describes the fixed and inflexible characterizations of social groups?
stereotypes
scapegoating
prejudice
discrimination
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Sociology
Which one of the following does not apply to social class systems?
class is economically based
class position is entirely subjective
class systems are relatively fluid
class positions are in part achieved
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Sociology
‘pollution’ comes in air from
Human activity
Mobile sources
Area sources
Stationary sources
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Sociology
When Berger & Luckmann said that reality is socially constructed, they meant:
scientists are guided in their work by social values and interests, so they define and measure phenomena that will support their theories
people negotiate shared definitions of their situation and live according to these, often forgetting that these social worlds are not fixed and external
sociologists decide what constitutes social reality and measure only that
terms like ‘reality’ have no deeper meaning beyond the level of discourse
Working in the phenomenological tradition, Berger & Luckmann argued that what we see as social reality is in fact socially constructed. Through routine patterns of interaction, we build up a sense of what is normal and stable in our lives, and by adhering to these rules, reproduce that same reality. We think of this as externally fixed, because we forget that we created it and have the power to change it. 140-141
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