Consider a transaction T1 that committed prior to checkpoint. The record appears in the log before the record. Any modifications made by T1 must have been written to the stable storage either with the checkpoint or prior to it. Thus at recovery time ____________

There is a need to perform an undo operation on T1
There is a need to perform a redo operation on T1
There is no need to perform an undo and redo operation on T1
All of the mentioned
There is no need to perform an undo and redo operation on T1  

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In the bounded buffer problem ____________
A. there is only one buffer
B. there are n buffers ( n being greater than one but finite)
C. there are infinite buffers
D. the buffer size is bounded
A minimum of _____ variable(s) is/are required to be shared between processes to solve the critical section problem.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
In the bounded buffer problem, there are the empty and full semaphores that ____________
A. count the number of empty and full buffers
B. count the number of empty and full memory spaces
C. count the number of empty and full queues
D. none of the mentioned
The bounded buffer problem is also known as ____________
A. Readers โ€“ Writers problem
B. Dining โ€“ Philosophers problem
C. Producer โ€“ Consumer problem
D. None of the mentioned
If the semaphore value is negative ____________
A. its magnitude is the number of processes waiting on that semaphore
B. it is invalid
C. no operation can be further performed on it until the signal operation is performed on it
D. none of the mentioned
The monitor construct ensures that ____________
A. only one process can be active at a time within the monitor
B. n number of processes can be active at a time within the monitor (n being greater than 1)
C. the queue has only one process in it at a time
D. all of the mentioned
A locking protocol is one that ____________
A. governs how locks are acquired
B. governs how locks are released
C. governs how locks are acquired and released
D. none of the mentioned

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