Ethnography and participant observation
What are the two main types of data that can be used in visual ethnography?
Positivist and interpretivist
Qualitative and quantitative
Nominal and ordinal
Extant and research-driven
Extant and research-driven
Visual ethnography can be based on extant materials, which already exist (such as people’s private collections of photographs or newspaper clippings) or research-driven materials, which are either created by the researcher or at the researcher’s request (such as photographs taken for the purpose of later analysis). Since it is possible to ask respondents to discuss photographs in one-to-one interviews, this method is clearly not restricted to ethnography. However, since the method is appropriate to many kinds of ethnographic studies, the expression ‘visual ethnography’ has been popularized.
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 451-459
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 451-459
Extant and research-driven Visual ethnography can be based on extant materials, which already exist (such as people’s private collections of photographs or newspaper clippings) or research-driven materials, which are either created by the researcher or at the researcher’s request (such as photographs taken for the purpose of later analysis). Since it is possible to ask respondents to discuss photographs in one-to-one interviews, this method is clearly not restricted to ethnography. However, since the method is appropriate to many kinds of ethnographic studies, the expression ‘visual ethnography’ has been popularized.
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 451-459
Reference: Bryman: Social Research Methods: 5th Edition Page(s) 451-459
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What is the name of the role adopted by an ethnographer who joins in with the group’s activities but admits to being a researcher?A. Complete participant
B. Participant-as-observer
C. Observer-as-participant
D. Complete observer
Why does Stacey argue against the idea of a feminist ethnography?
A. Because it creates a non-exploitative relationship between the researcher and the researched
B. Because she fundamentally disagrees with all feminist principles
C. Because she thinks that the fieldwork relationship is inherently unequal
D. Because she does not think that ethnography is a useful research method
What is the difference between “scratch notes” and “full field notes”?
A. Scratch notes are just key words and phrases, rather than lengthy descriptions
B. Full field notes are quicker and easier to write than scratch notes
C. Scratch notes are written at the end of the day rather than during key events
D. Full field notes do not involve the researcher scratching their head while thinking
What is one of the main disadvantages of using the covert role in ethnography?
A. It can be hard to gain access to the social group
B. It is difficult to take notes without arousing suspicion
C. The problem of reactivity: people may change their behaviour if they know they are being observed
D. It is usually too time consuming and expensive to be a realistic option
What is a key informant?
A. A group member who helps the ethnographer gain access to relevant people/events
B. A senior level member of the organisation who refuses to allow researchers into it
C. A participant who appears to be helpful but then blows the researcher’s cover
D. Someone who cuts keys to help the ethnographer gain access to a building
Is it okay to break the law in order to maintain a “cover”?
A. Yes, provided it is not very serious
B. No, never under any circumstances
C. Yes, because otherwise data on criminal activity would never come to light
D. Yes, provided it doesn’t cause physical harm to someone
Which of the following is a component of ethnographic research?
A. Being immersed in a social group or setting
B. Participant observation, interviews, and/or documentary analysis
C. A written account of an ethnographic study
D. All of the above
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