Cardiovascular System

Arteries store elastic potential energy in their distended elastic walls, so that when ventricular contraction ceases, the elastic artery walls recoil, forcing blood to continue moving away from the heart.

ANP causes a decrease in BP and vasodilation is one of the ways by which this is achieved.

Henry’s law relates the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid to its partial pressure (or pressure).

Pulse pressure is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum BP values.

Renin is an enzyme that coverts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, while ACE is an enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II. Vasopressin and ADH are the same hormone.

Renin acts on angiotensinogen and eventually angiotensin II would be formed. Angiotensin has four effects that will cause BP to rise.

Sympathetic stimulation prepares the body for vigorous activity, and such stimulation that would result in an increase in HR would increase BP. Parasympathetic stimulation would do the reverse. An increase in GFR would filter more water from the blood, thereby decreasing its volume and BP.

Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle produces constriction and dilation of blood vessels. This is under the control of the sympathetic nervous system.

It is the aorta.

Pressure units are derived from force and area units. Choices C and D are not combinations of units.