Anatomy and Physiology

    Renal System
    Which one of the following is a function of the renal system?
    Renin is produced in the kidney.
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    Endocrine System
    The adrenal medulla produces which of the following?
    The adrenal cortex produces weak androgens and mineralocorticoids.
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    Cardiovascular System
    What is meant by a diastolic blood pressure of 100 mm Hg?
    Diastolic pressure refers to the lowest blood pressure measurement, and this occurs just before the start of ventricular contraction.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    An isotonic solution is one which:
    “Iso-” means “the same”. When the concentration of the surrounding liquid is the same as that inside a RBC, then no net water movement occurs.
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    Nervous System
    The process of adjusting the eye’s lens to view objects at different distances from the eye is called:
    The eye can accommodate its lens to clearly see objects at any distance from the eye.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    Choose the ending that will correctly complete the sentence: When atoms of a metal element and atoms of a non-metal element react, the result is:
    Atoms of a metal element react with atoms of a non-metal element to form an ionic compound (ions held within a lattice when in solid form).
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    Integument
    Which layer(s) of the skin are penetrated by the lance when a finger is pricked to obtain a drop of blood?
    The epidermis does not have a blood supply, but the dermis does. To obtain a blood sample, the lance must penetrate the epidermis in order to cut the capillaries in the dermis. The stratum corneum is the outer dead layer of the epidermis.
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    Cells and Tissues
    Which one of the following organelles is considered as the “energy-producing” centre of the cell?
    Mitochondria are where ATP molecules are produced from glucose.
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    Cardiovascular System
    Which are the most common circulating leucocytes?
    Leucocytes are white blood cells, about 70% of which are neutrophils. Haemocytoblasts are stem cells from which white and red blood cells arise; erythrocytes are RBC.
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    Integument
    Full-thickness burns to more than 20% of the skin surface are a life-threatening situation. Why is this?
    The body is not able to prevent water loss from the exposed tissues. (Also, but not part of the provided choices, the loss of skin means that the body is unprotected from infectious agents.)
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