Anatomy and Physiology

    Cardiovascular System
    What is meant by the “pulmonary circulation”? The flow of blood:
    The pulmonary circulation refers to the flow of blood from the heart (via the pulmonary trunk) through the lungs and back to the heart.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    During dialysis, what moves across a semipermeable membrane (and how)?
    Dialysis refers to movement of solutes (not water). Choice D is wrong as filtration refers to movement due to hydrostatic pressure difference from the solution under higher pressure to low pressure.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cells and Tissues
    Which one of the following terms best describes the structure of the cell membrane?
    “Fluid” implies the structure can move and change (not like a brick wall); mosaic refers to the presence of proteins scattered among the glycolipids.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    How does the juxtaglomerular apparatus respond when systemic blood pressure is too high?
    Constricting the afferent arteriole will decrease the volume of blood entering the glomerulus and hence the blood pressure in it. All other choices will result in an increase in pressure within the glomerulus.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    What is the neurotransmitter that crosses the neuromuscular junction?
    All somatic motor neurons release ACh at their synapses with skeletal muscle fibres, that is, at the neuromuscular junction.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    What is the function of bile salts?
    Emulsification produces small droplets of fat which increases the surface area of fat that is available to lipases which may then hydrolyse the fat.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cells and Tissues
    What types of cells are found in a single layer lining the inner surface of the tubes in the body and are surrounded by a noncellular membrane?
    The description indicates epithelial cells and their basement membrane.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Skeleton and Joints
    Which two bones are involved in the movement known as “pronation”?
    The bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) are able to pronate. That is, crossover when the forearm twists.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    Which of the following is true of multipolar neurons?
    Choice A would be true of anaxonic neurons. Choice B would be true of unipolar neurons. Choice D would be true of bipolar neurons.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Which of the following statements from kinetic molecular theory can be used to explain why a region of low pressure will result in gas particles rushing into that region?
    As particles of a gas are moving at high speed (hundreds of metres per second) and in random directions, every direction will have some particles moving in that direction. Hence a region with fewer particles (i.e. at a lower pressure) will have more particles moving into it than are moving away from it. This will tend to eliminate volumes with different pressures.
    Author: rikazzz Comment