Anatomy and Physiology

    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which reaction below demonstrates the action of the phosphate buffer?
    A buffer must destroy acid, by accepting a hydrogen atom from a hydronium ion and thus converting it to water. This means that monohydrogen phosphate must appear on the left of the arrow and dihydrogen phosphate on the right. So choices B and D are wrong. There must be equal numbers of H atoms (4) on each side of the arrow, but choice B has 5H on one side and 3H on the other.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Complete the following sentence. When standing, the arterial blood pressure in the feet is:
    Because of gravity, the position of the body in space affects blood pressure. When standing, hydrostatic pressure increases the BP in the blood vessels of the feet.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    A bedridden patient is less likely to develop bed sores while lying on a water bed. This is because:
    A water bag mattress flexes around a patient’s body so that it conforms more closely to their curved shape. Consequently, the area of contact between the patient and the supporting surface is increased. This increased area means that the pressure will be decreased. This lower pressure is less likely to compress the blood vessels that supply the skin, and so circulation will not be cut off. Hence bed sores (ulcers) will be avoided.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    What does measuring a patient’s blood pressure using the auscultatory method do?
    Korotkoff sounds are made as blood flows turbulently through a compressed artery. They cease when the artery is completely squashed and no blood flows (this is taken to be the systolic pressure) and also when the artery is not compressed at all. In this case the air pressure in the cuff is equal to or less than the diastolic pressure.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    Which of the listed factors does NOT affect the amount of heat that the human body loses by radiation?
    Heat will be lost by radiation even through clothing. A person may seek a cool environment to maximise their heat loss to the environment, so their behaviour may influence heat loss. A silver foil lining will reflect infrared radiation back towards the body.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Respiratory System
    What are the cells that produce surfactant called?
    Type II pneumocytes produce the surface active agent (surfactant) that reduces the surface tension of the water that lines the alveoli.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    What is the name for the entry point to the kidney for nerves, blood vessels, ureters and lymphatics?
    Hilum is the name of the point of attachment between an organ and its supply services.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Skeleton and Joints
    Where are the bones known as the humerus and radius located?
    This is a better answer than the also true choice A.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    If the pH of a sample of blood was 7.4, which term below would be applied to it?
    7.4 is in the healthy range for blood. Being greater than 7.0 indicates alkaline.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    In a water molecule, the bond between oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) is:
    As both atoms are non-metals, the bonding is covalent. As the atoms differ in their attraction for the bonding electrons, the bond is polar (the electrons are more closely attracted to O).
    Author: rikazzz Comment