Anatomy and Physiology

    Muscles
    Which of the following groupings of muscle type and their characteristics is INCORRECT?
    Cardiac muscle is not voluntary.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Reproductive System
    What is the section of the male reproductive tract within which sperm are produced called?
    The seminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    Which muscle named below includes its origin and insertion?
    This muscle (part of the pelvic floor) has two parts to its name: origin is on the pubis (pubic bone); insertion is to the coccyx. Choice B is named “whimsically”, choice C is named according to location and direction of muscle fibres and choice D is named according to location and appearance.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    In which of the following situations would the osmotic pressure of blood be the greatest?
    The healthy range for blood osmolarity is 280–300 mosmol/L. A dehydrated person would have a blood osmolarity approaching or exceeding 300 mosmol/L.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    What is the purpose of “intrinsic factor” in gastric juice?
    Vitamin B12 is a large molecule which cannot be absorbed without forming a complex with intrinsic factor.
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    Skeleton and Joints
    Where does blood cell formation occur? In the
    Red marrow is actively forming blood cells. Yellow marrow is inactive.
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    Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion
    A volume of urine is measured to be 325 ml using a measuring cylinder with a scale of smallest interval 5 ml. What is the absolute error in the measurement?
    The absolute error is plus or minus half of the smallest scale interval (this means that the maximum error is this, but the actual error may be less). The interval is 5 ml, so 2.5 ml is half of this and equal to the absolute error.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    How do arteries differ from veins?
    The walls of arteries have more elastic tissue than veins allowing them to expand as blood is pumped into them and then to passively recoil.
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    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    When a particular energy value is ascribed to a food, what type of energy is being referred to? Its:
    The energy value of food is stored in the chemical bonds within the food molecules.
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    Cardiovascular System
    Blood clotting is a complicated process with many steps. Which of the following lists comprises substances that are already present in blood, ready to perform their role in clotting when needed?
    These substances are all inactive (-ogen and pro-) until activated by an enzyme. The enzymes that can activate them are not produced until they are needed. (An enzyme complex converts factor X to prothrombinase. Prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin – which is insoluble. Tissue plasminogen activator converts plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin dissolves fibrin.)
    Author: rikazzz Comment