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Anatomy and Physiology
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Anatomy and Physiology
- Page 87
Organisation of the Body
41
Cells and Tissues
129
Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion
45
Integument
65
Homeostasis
0
Skeleton and Joints
100
Muscles
98
Gastrointestinal System
140
Endocrine System
102
Renal System
117
Cardiovascular System
365
Respiratory System
130
Nervous System
292
Reproductive System
72
The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
62
Ionising Radiation
92
Electricity
35
Biomechanics
58
Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
70
Chemistry for Physiology
279
Show/Hide Answers
Nervous System
From what part(s) of the body does the vagus nerve originate?
The spinal cord at the thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae
The spinal cord at the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
The spinal cord at the thoracic vertebrae
The midbrain
The vagus nerve is cranial nerve X, so originates from the medulla oblongata of the midbrain. It is not a spinal nerve.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cardiovascular System
If the blood pressure at the arterial end of a blood capillary is 4000 Pa (30 mm Hg) and at the venule end of the capillary is 2000 Pa (15 mm Hg), and the capillary has a length of 1 mm, what will the pressure gradient in the capillary be?
4000 Pa/mm
2000 Pa/mm
15 mmHg
45 mmHg
Pressure gradient = (pressure difference)/length = (4000–2000)/1 = 2000 Pa/mm. Choice C states the pressure difference but not the gradient!
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cardiovascular System
Consider an arteriole that is 50 cm distant from the aorta. If blood pressure in the aorta is 130 mmHg and in the arteriole is 30 mmHg, what is the pressure GRADIENT between the two?
2 mmHg/cm
30 mmHg/cm
100 mmHg/cm
130 mmHg/cm
pressure gradient = pressure drop ÷ distance = (130–30) ÷ 50 = 2 mmHg/cm
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cardiovascular System
Some capillaries are called “sinusoids”. These are capillaries that:
Are fenestrated
Have endothelium without gaps between cells
Have endothelium with gaps between adjacent cells
Have pores in the endothelial cell walls
Sinusoids have incomplete walls around them, so large molecules and phagocytes can enter and leave the lumen.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cardiovascular System
If someone’s ABO blood group is “type A”, this means that:
They have the type A antigen on their red blood cells.
Their blood contains anti-A agglutinins.
They can receive blood from a type B donor.
They may donate blood to a type B recipient.
Type A means having the A antigen on the RBC (and having anti-B agglutinins in the plasma).
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Skeleton and Joints
What is a “trochanter”?
Part of a femur
A feature of the pelvis
A projection that forms part of an articulation
A groove in which lies a tendon
the “greater” trochanter is a bone marking (a bump) that lies on the lateral surface of the proximal femur, while the “lesser” trochanter lies on the medial surface of the proximal femur.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
What is the temperature (in °C) below which the body is said to be hypothermic?
38
37
36
35
35 is the upper limit of what is considered to be hypothermia in an adult.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Chemistry for Physiology
Proteins perform a wide range of functions in the body including which one of the following?
They are our major source of energy.
They act as enzymes.
They are used to make sex hormones.
They are necessary for the absorption of vitamins A, D, E and K.
All enzymes are proteins. Carbohydrates should be the major energy source. Choice D lists the fat soluble vitamins.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Ionising Radiation
Why is it possible to trace metabolic pathways in the body using radioactive isotopes of the naturally occurring elements in the body? Because radioactive isotopes:
Are used in such small quantities that they produce no toxic effects
Have a very short half-life so they soon decay to safe levels
Are chemically identical to non-radioactive isotopes of the same element
Are physically identical to non-radioactive isotopes of the same element
Radioactive forms of elements that occur naturally in the body will be chemically handled by the body in exactly the same way as the non-radioactive isotope. Hence their location within the body can be traced by the gamma radiation they emit.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
Cells and Tissues
Which of the following cells are found in the lungs?
Pneumocytes
Leucocytes
Keratinocytes
Sertoli cells
“Pneumo” comes from the Greek for lung or air. The other cells are found in the blood, epidermis and testicles, respectively.
Author:
rikazzz
Comment
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