Ionising Radiation
In a radiotherapy treatment plan for a deep tumour, which of the following is part of the treatment plan?
Saturating the healthy tissue with oxygen to minimise its sensitivity to radiation
Using a single large dose to destroy all the tumour cells quickly
Using low-energy alpha particles in order to minimise dose to healthy tissue
Splitting of the total dose into a number of smaller doses given daily
Splitting of the total dose into a number of smaller doses given daily
”Fractionation” of the dose allows the healthy tissue some time to recover between irradiations. It also allows the tumour to be targeted from another direction by passing the beam through a different part of the body.
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Which anatomical plane is usually displayed in a CT scan?A. Transverse
B. Sagittal
C. Coronal
D. Longitudinal section
What are isotopes? Atoms of the one element whose nuclei:
A. Contain the same number of protons and neutrons
B. Have different numbers of protons
C. Have different numbers of neutrons
D. Do not have the optimum neutron to proton ratio
What does the “maximum permissible dose” of radiation (100 mSv/5 year period) refer to?
A. The average dose for the general population as a whole
B. The dose for an individual not exposed to radiation through their work
C. The dose allowed to people exposed to radiation through their work
D. The dose above which radiation is likely to cause harm to humans
Why are radionuclides that emit low-energy gamma radiation preferred than other radionuclides for in vivo diagnosis using a nuclear medicine technique? Because:
A. Other forms of radiation are emitted with too much energy.
B. High-energy gamma radiation is not penetrating enough.
C. Most of the radiation will emerge from the patient’s body.
D. Sources of x-rays require more extensive technical support than gamma sources.
The advantage of computed tomography (CT) over conventional radiography is:
A. CT delivers lower doses than conventional radiography.
B. CT images are faster to acquire than conventional radiographs.
C. CT produces a cross-sectional image that is not obscured by overlying anatomical structures.
D. CT projects a 3D structure onto a 2D image.
Which of the following absorbed radiation dose equivalents would cause the most harm to your body?
A. 0.05 sievert per year to the whole body for the human lifespan (75 years) = 3.75 Sv
B. 1 sievert (acutely) to the gonads only
C. 40 sievert (acutely) to the heart only
D. 7 sievert (acutely) to the whole body
Which one of the statements about the penetrating ability of radiation is true?
A. 750 keV gamma rays are more penetrating than 750 keV x-rays.
B. 140 keV gamma rays are more penetrating than 60 keV x-rays.
C. 2 MeV beta rays (electrons) are more penetrating than 1 MeV gamma rays.
D. 1 MeV gamma rays are more penetrating than 2 MeV x-rays.
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