Anatomy and Physiology

    Cells and Tissues
    In which organelle of the cell do most aerobic respiration reactions happen?
    Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration. That is, the production of ATP from pyruvic acid (via glucose) and oxygen.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    In order to lose body fat, diet and exercise must be organised so that the energy value of the food intake is:
    If more energy is expended than is taken in as food, the body will use some of its energy stored as fat, to make up the difference. Hence the percentage of body mass that is fat will decrease.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which is the best description for the osmotic pressure of a solution?
    The application of a hydrostatic pressure to a solution in order to oppose and prevent the osmotic flow of water into that liquid is the basis for assigning a value to that solution for its “osmotic pressure”. Osmotic pressure is the value of this externally applied hydrostatic pressure. Choice C describes filtration. Choices B and D are nonsense.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Endocrine System
    What may be correctly said about oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone?
    The hypothalamus produces ADH and OT. The posterior pituitary releases them.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Electricity
    Which is the correct statement about the behaviour of electrical charges?
    Two positive charges would repel each other. Two negative charges will repel each other. So “like” charges repel.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    To which membrane is the ear’s organ of Corti attached?
    The basilar membrane is located in the inner ear and separates the scala tympani from the scala vestibuli. The tectorial membrane arches over the organ of Corti, while the tympanic membrane is the ear drum.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    Which event causes the thick filament to slide over the thin filament (i.e. the “power stroke”) during muscle contraction?
    The attachment of the already energised cross-bridge to its binding site stimulates the head to swivel and so cause the filaments to slide over each other. Choice A causes the binding site to be exposed. Choice B energises the cross-bridge. Choice D causes detachment of the cross-bridge.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    If a person suffers a stroke and damage occurs to the occipital lobe of the brain, which function is the most likely to be affected?
    The occipital lobe contains the visual cortex (processes visual information) and the visual association area (interpretation of images). Hence damage to the occipital lobe would affect vision.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Which of the following readings (in mm Hg) would be considered within a healthy resting blood pressure range?
    A reading above 140/90 is considered hypertensive. A diastolic reading of 30 is too low, a systolic reading of 100 is low-ish and a systolic reading of 145 is too high.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Which statement about the descending limb of the loop of Henle is true?
    The ascending limb is impermeable to water. ADH and ANP have no effect on the loop of Henle.
    Author: rikazzz Comment