Anatomy and Physiology

    Ionising Radiation
    Why is increasing the distance between yourself and a source of radiation is an effective way of reducing your exposure? Because:
    As radiation leaves a point source, it diverges and spreads equally in all directions over an ever-expanding spherical surface. A spherical surface area is proportional to the radius squared, so exposure to radiation diminishes as it spreads more thinly in space.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    Which muscle naming criteria are used to name the quadriceps femoris?
    Femoris refers to location on the femur; quadriceps refers to four origins.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Which artery is palpated when a heart rate measurement is made from the wrist?
    The radial artery lies over the radius bone which is on the same side of the hand as the thumb (the lateral side). The dorsalis pedis is in the foot.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    Which of the following statements about the structure of the eye is INCORRECT?
    The black pupil is the central hole in the pupillary muscles of the iris through which light passes to strike the retina. It appears black as normally no light exits the pupil.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    What would be the effect produced if the cardiovascular centre increased the rate of parasympathetic impulses it sends out?
    Increased parasympathetic causes a decreased heart rate. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation are controlled by the sympathetic division, not the parasympathetic.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    What is the purpose of the mucosal barrier between the cells of the stomach wall and the stomach contents?
    The stomach contents include the enzyme pepsin and hydrochloric acid, both of which would damage the epithelial cells of the stomach if in contact with them.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Respiratory System
    What is the function of ciliated cells in the lungs?
    Ciliated cells have cilia which beat in a co-ordinated fashion to move mucus out of the airways.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Organisation of the Body
    What is the collective term used for contents of the body’s ventral cavity?
    The peritoneum is the membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and the omentum is a portion of that. The internal organs are close but also include the brain which is not in the ventral cavity.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Integument
    What is the most common protein in the epidermis?
    Most epidermal cells are keratinocytes that produce the fibrous protein keratin.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    What is the name of the structure that allows nerve fibres from the medial aspect of each retina to join fibres from the lateral aspect of the retina of the other eye?
    The optic chiasma is where the fibres cross over.
    Author: rikazzz Comment