Anatomy and Physiology

    Integument
    What must be the case for a drug to be administered transdermally?
    Integument is virtually waterproof. Lipid-soluble drugs may penetrate between the keratinised cells.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Endocrine System
    The pituitary gland has an anterior portion and a posterior portion. One difference between the two is:
    Choices A, B and C are the reverse of the true situation.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Muscles
    Why does anaerobic respiration occur during vigorous exercise?
    Vigorous exercise may require more oxygen than can be supplied by the circulation. In this case ATP must be produced anaerobically which is less efficient than when sufficient oxygen is present. Hence choices C and D are wrong.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Endocrine System
    Which part of the pituitary gland is comprised of neural tissue?
    The posterior pituitary is part of the brain.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Endocrine System
    Which gland or organ releases erythropoietin?
    Kidneys produce erythropoietin (EPO) – which signals the red bone marrow to increase production of RBC.
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    Nervous System
    What event during the action potential causes the resting membrane potential to change from about −70 mV to about +30 mV?
    It takes positive ions moving INTO the cell to change the resting potential from −70 to +30 mV. The ions are sodium.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Gastrointestinal System
    In the stomach which cells secrete pepsinogen?
    “Zymogenic” means producing an enzyme – also known as chief cells.
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    Nervous System
    Which chamber or section of the ear is NOT filled with air?
    The cochlea contains liquids known as perilymph and endolymph. The Eustachian tube is usually squashed flat, but when it is opened, it contains air that is entering or leaving the middle ear.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    By which of the following pathways does sound entering the ear reach the organ of Corti?
    Sound impinges on the tympanic membrane first. The Eustachian tube and the auditory tube are the same thing and do not conduct sound – they connect the middle ear to the mouth.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which of the following is the ion of a non-metal element?
    While all of the elements represented by symbols in the four choices are non-metals, only choice C represents an element. All others are compounds.
    Author: rikazzz Comment