Anatomy and Physiology

    Muscles
    Which statement about thick or thin myofilaments is CORRECT?
    Thin myofilaments contain these three proteins. Choices C and D are wrong as myosin has a cross-bridge rather than a binding site.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Endocrine System
    To which group of hormones does aldosterone belong?
    As aldosterone is concerned with the absorption of sodium ions, a “mineral”, and aldosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex; it is termed a mineralocorticoid.
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    Renal System
    Where in the kidney are the collecting ducts found?
    The collecting ducts are in the medulla but so are the renal columns, so renal pyramids is a more specific and better choice.
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    Endocrine System
    What hormone is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland?
    Parafollicular (or “C”) cells of the thyroid produce calcitonin which aids in lowering of blood calcium.
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    Respiratory System
    Which of the following is NOT part of the respiratory membrane?
    The plasma membrane of RBC can only be reached by dissolved gases after they have crossed the respiratory membrane into the capillary blood.
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    Nervous System
    What part of the brain subconsciously provides precise timing for the movements of learned skeletal muscle contraction?
    Cerebellum subconsciously provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of learned skilled skeletal muscle contraction for smooth coordinated movements, posture and agility.
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    Cardiovascular System
    100 mmHg pressure equates to how many cm of water?
    1 mmHg ~ = 1.34 cmH2O, so 100 mmHg ~ 134 cmH2O.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    When a protein is denatured, which aspect of its structure is affected the LEAST?
    Denaturation does not affect primary structure. That is, the sequence of amino acids within the polypeptide chain.
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    Renal System
    What type(s) of cell may be found in the walls of the glomerular capillaries?
    Endothelial cells make up the capillary walls, while podocytes surround the endothelial cells to make up the filtration membrane.
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    Nervous System
    What is the function of a spinal nerve?
    Spinal nerves arise from the combination of a dorsal root that carries sensory information and a ventral root that carries motor information.
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