Anatomy and Physiology

    Cells and Tissues
    In protein synthesis, where dose translation occur? In the:
    Translation occurs in the cytoplasm (transcription occurs in the nucleus). DNA does not exist in the cytoplasm.
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    Nervous System
    Hyperopia is a vision condition in which distant objects can be seen clearly, but close ones do not come into proper focus. Farsightedness occurs if the distance between the lens and retina is too short. What type of lens is used to correct this condition?
    A convex lens causes light rays to converge. This additional convergence, provided by corrective lenses, allows light that enters the eye to be focussed on the retina rather than behind it.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    What is the role of the lateral geniculate nuclei (or bodies)?
    The optic tracts leaving the optic chiasma synapse with neurons in the lateral geniculate body (of the thalamus). Many axons then continue as the optic radiation of fibres into primary visual cortex.
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    Biomechanics
    Good manual handling technique on an unconscious patient involves which of the following?
    The leg muscles are the largest (and therefore the strongest) in the body. An unconscious patient cannot take instruction.
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    Nervous System
    Along what part of the neuron does the action potential travel?
    The axon. Prior to ravelling along the axon, the potential is referred to as a “graded potential”.
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    Muscles
    What is the source of the ATP used by muscles for vigorous activity that may last for 10–15 s?
    Creatinine phosphate is used to “recharge” the ADP that forms from ATP when the cross-bridge is energised.
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    Gastrointestinal System
    What is the product of carbohydrate digestion?
    Glucose is a monosaccharide, but there are others, so choice B is the better answer.
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    Cardiovascular System
    In a normal ECG trace, what does a QRS wave indicate?
    QRS is produced when the cells of the ventricles depolarise.
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    Muscles
    Smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle because smooth muscle:
    Smooth muscle occurs in the walls of tubes, whereas skeletal muscle does not.
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    Integument
    Where must the ink in a skin tattoo be placed for the tattoo to be permanent?
    The epidermis is continually replaced as new cells from the stratum basale move the over lying cells more superficially until eventually the stratum corneum flakes off. If the ink is placed below the stratum basale of the epidermis into the dermis, it remains there and can be seen through the translucent epidermis.
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