Anatomy and Physiology

    Cells and Tissues
    What is the major function of lysosomes? They:
    The prefix “lys-” refers to the ability to alter molecules by dividing them into smaller pieces.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss
    What is heat? It is a:
    Heat is the energy that is transferred between two objects due to their difference in temperature. Choice C refers to the temperature of an object.
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    Ionising Radiation
    Why are radioisotopes that emit low energy (100–250 keV) gamma rays preferred for the diagnostic procedures of nuclear medicine? Because:
    There is a trade-off where the photons should be penetrating enough so that they are not stopped within the body, but not so penetrating that too few are stopped by the detector placed next to the body. This energy range satisfies both needs.
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    Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion
    What is the result of converting 650 μg to mg?
    1000 μg is needed to make a milligram, so we have less than one (μg to mg: shift the decimal point three places to the left).Note: The following three questions about the “central tendency” of data rely on the following information. Consider the weekly earnings in dollars for ten workers to be 400, 475, 475, 475, 500, 500, 525, 620, 630 and 660. These ten wages add to the total of $5260.
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    Respiratory System
    A person with severe trauma to the cervical region has damage to the spinal cord. If the spinal cord is severed between C3 and C4, what is the likely outcome?
    The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerves which arise from the C3 to C5 vertebrae. Hence, the person will be unable to use their diaphragm (much). The upper limbs are innervated by spinal nerves that leave the spinal cord between C5 and T2, so those nerves will have been interrupted as well.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    What method does the glomerulus of the kidney nephron use to remove the dissolved substances from the blood to the filtrate?
    The larger diameter of the afferent arteriole along with the smaller diameter of the efferent arteriole creates a high pressure in the glomerulus which facilitates filtration of dissolved material into the Bowman’s capsule.
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    Cardiovascular System
    Which statement about cardiac output is correct? Cardiac output is:
    MAP = CO × TPR, so CO = MAP ÷ TPR
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    Two atoms have the same mass number but different atomic numbers. Which of the following statements concerning these atoms is TRUE?
    Different atomic numbers means different numbers of protons and hence different elements.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte (or does not contain electrolytes)?
    Glucose will dissolve in water, but being a molecular compound, it does not produce ions.
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    Chemistry for Physiology
    A hypotonic solution may be characterised by which of the following?
    “Hypo-” means less concentrated than the solution inside a RBC. This in turn means that the concentration of water molecules is greater outside the cell than inside. So there will be a net water flow by osmosis into the RBC.
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