Anatomy and Physiology

    Electricity
    A household light globe with a power rating of 60 W operates at a potential difference of 240 V and has a resistance of 960 Ω. Using this information and Ohm’s law, the current (I) may be calculated to be:
    Ohm’s law: V = I × R, so I = V ÷ R. Choice C also produces the correct answer for current but does not use Ohm’s law.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Endocrine System
    What is the role of glucagon and insulin?
    Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into cells from the blood. Hence it lowers blood glucose. It also inhibits glycogenolysis so less glucose is released from the glycogen store.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Chemistry for Physiology
    Blood in the body is different to a buffered solution held in a beaker. This is because hydronium (hydrogen) ions can be removed from solution in blood almost immediately by:
    This is the best answer as it describes the buffer action and the continuous nature of exhalation mean that there is no delay in excreting carbon dioxide. Choice A is also correct, but the elimination of acid via kidneys is not immediate.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Nervous System
    What is the function of the “corpora quadrigemina”?
    The two superior colliculi receive visual sensation, while the two inferior colliculi receive auditory sensations. Choice A refers to the thalamic nuclei. Choice B refers to the hypothalamus. Choice D refers to the mammillary bodies.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Renal System
    Solutes move from the blood in the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule due to which of the following influences?
    The efferent (outgoing) arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole; hence, the glomerulus is a high pressure area. This aids the movement of dissolved substances through the filtration membrane.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Skeleton and Joints
    Articulating bones are joined by
    Ligaments join bone to bone. Tendons (and aponeuroses) join muscle to bone.
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    The Physics of Waves: Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
    What is a convex lens? One that:
    A convex or converging lens is “fat” in the middle.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    Which characteristic of blood refers to the concentration of solutes?
    Osmolality is the number of osmoles (osmol) of solute per kilogramme of solvent. (Osmolarity (with an “r”) is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per litre of solution.)
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Reproductive System
    After passing through puberty, what ability does the human possess?
    After puberty, humans are sexually mature, meaning that they can produce viable sex cells (gametes). Secondary (not primary) sex characteristics develop during puberty, while apocrine sweat glands (not eccrine) become functional after puberty.
    Author: rikazzz Comment
    Cardiovascular System
    When cardiac ejection ceases during diastole, what is the most important factor maintaining blood flow in arteries of the body?
    Arteries store elastic potential energy in their distended elastic walls, so that when ventricular contraction ceases, the elastic artery walls recoil, forcing blood to continue moving away from the heart.
    Author: rikazzz Comment